Bilge Pumps
Overview of Electric and Manual Bilge Pumps
Bilge pumps perform the maintenance function of removing nuisance water that collects in the bilge. There are two types of bilge pumps: electric and manual. Each type of electric pump can in turn be divided into two categories. Electric bilge pumps include centrifugal and diaphragm pumps. Manual bilge pumps include diaphragm and piston pumps. We’ll discuss electric centrifugal and electric diaphragm bilge pumps first and then move on manual diaphragm and manual piston pumps.
Electric Centrifugal Bilge Pumps
Electric centrifugal bilge pumps are non-self-priming, which means they must be sitting in the water in order to pump it. They can usually remove all but the last 1” of water depth or so. They work the best when the bilge has a small sump where water collects. By their nature, non-self-priming pumps must be submersible. Centrifugal pumps have a built-in strainer in their base, which can be removed quickly for cleaning. They also have a small impeller that requires periodic cleaning as it can clog on debris.
Electric Diaphragm Bilge Pumps
Diaphragm pumps are self-priming, which means they can draw water u an intake hose and expel it outside the boats hull. Diaphragm pumps require an external strainer at the end of the intake hose, since a small amount of hair of bilge debris can cause the valves to clog.
Bilge Pump Switches
Electric bilge pumps require some type of switch in order to be turned on and off. Most pumps will utilize a manual on/off switch. Oftentimes a manual on/off switch will be combined with a float switch or with an electronic water sensing switch. Float switches and electronic water sensing switches automatically activate the pump once the water level rises above a certain point and turn the pump off when the water level falls.
Manual Diaphragm Bilge Pumps
Diaphragm pumps use a lever handle attached to a black rubber bellows that rocks back and forth to draw water into a chamber and pump it out.
Manual Piston Bilge Pumps
Piston pumps look like bicycle tire pumps and consist of a long tube with a piston inside, which pulls water into the tube and pushes it out the discharge how. Both are effective, but the rocking action of the diaphragm pump is generally less tiring for the user.
Brands of Bilge Pumps found at West Marine
At West Marine, you will find all the leading brands of bilge pumps, including pumps by Rule Industries, Attwood, Johnson Pump, Whale Pumps and Jabsco.
Bilge Pump FAQ
- Electric bilge pumps: are automated and commonly used for larger boats.
- Manual bilge pumps: require hand operation and serve as backup solutions or for smaller vessels.
When selecting a bilge pump, consider:
- Boat Size: Larger boats require higher gallons per hour (GPH) ratings.
- Water Accumulation: Boats in rougher waters or heavy rainfall areas may need a more powerful pump.
- Regulatory Requirements: Some regions mandate minimum bilge pump capacities for certain vessel types.
Follow these steps for installation and maintenance:
- Installation: Place the pump at the lowest bilge point, secure it properly, and connect the discharge hose.
- Maintenance: Regularly inspect for clogs, clean the pump strainer, and ensure all wiring and connections are watertight.
- Testing: Periodically test the pump’s operation by pouring water into the bilge and confirming activation.
Yes, a float switch is highly recommended for electric bilge pumps. It automatically activates the pump when water reaches a certain level, preventing water damage when unattended.
Automatic Bilge Pumps provide:
- Hands-Free Operation: Automatically detects rising water levels and pumps without manual intervention.
- Added Safety: Helps prevent flooding while docked or in rough conditions.
- Peace of Mind: Ensures bilge water is managed even when the boat is unattended.
Signs that your bilge pump may need replacement include:
- Reduced Efficiency: If the pump struggles to remove water or runs longer than usual.
- Unusual Noises: Grinding or humming sounds indicate potential motor or impeller issues.
- Visible Damage: Cracks, leaks, or corrosion may impact performance.
- Failure to Activate: If the pump does not turn on when needed, inspect wiring or float switches before replacing.